What happens when you submit your DNA sample in the mail? You submit a a mouth swab and it is sent to a laboratory and scientists there use tests to decipher your DNA.
For most DNA tests such as a paternity test or sibling test, the procedure is the same. They perform a polymerase chain reaction in order to get a DNA profile. A DNA profile is a a small snapshot of the DNA and scientists use this profile to run statistical tests and compare two profiles to see if they are related. If two profiles are related they show similar patterns.
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